wave guide

wave guide
An elongated enclosure usually bounded by a cylindrical or rectangular metal tube for propagating energy by means of electromagnetic waves within the enclosure. It is a hollow transmission line or a metal tube through which high-frequency electromagnetic waves are directed. The electromagnetic radiation is conducted in a reverse sense in that radiation travels through the insulator, usually the atmosphere, surrounded by metal along which the waves propagate by multiplying internal reflection. A wave guide must have a minimum dimension that is proportional to the working wavelength. The dimensions of the tube should be greater than half the wavelength of the signal to be used.
In order to efficiently propagate an electromagnetic field, a rectangular waveguide must have sides measuring at least 0.5 wavelength, and preferably more than 0.7 wavelength. A circular wavelength should be at least 0.6 wavelength in diameter, and preferably 0.7 wavelength or more.

Aviation dictionary. 2014.

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